Egypt and Saudi Arabia Align on Yemen and Sudan Conflicts

Egypt has confirmed its alignment with Saudi Arabia regarding the ongoing conflicts in Yemen and Sudan, as well as the situation in the breakaway region of Somaliland. This declaration was made during talks in Cairo on January 5, 2024. Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi and Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan emphasized their countries’ “identical” positions in seeking peaceful resolutions to the crises affecting these regions.

Shared Goals Amid Regional Tensions

According to an official statement from the Egyptian presidency, both leaders agreed that any solutions must “preserve the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of states,” specifically mentioning Sudan, Yemen, Somalia, and the Gaza Strip. This meeting occurs against a backdrop of increasing tensions between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which were once closely aligned in regional political dynamics.

In Yemen, both Saudi Arabia and the UAE have historically supported competing factions within the internationally recognized government, primarily united against the Iran-backed Houthis. Tensions escalated in December 2023 when the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council captured two critical provinces, prompting a strong reaction from Riyadh.

During the recent discussions, President Sisi expressed support for Saudi Arabia’s initiative to host an “inclusive conference” aimed at bringing together southern Yemeni groups. Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty underscored the need for de-escalation and a political settlement led by Yemenis.

Competing Interests in the Horn of Africa

Sudan represents another point of contention between the two nations. Both Egypt and Saudi Arabia back the country’s de facto leader, while the UAE has been accused of providing support to the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). This division further complicates the already volatile situation in the region.

The competition for influence extends to the Horn of Africa, a strategically important area along key global shipping routes. Saudi Arabia has focused on strengthening its ties with Somalia’s federal government, while the UAE has fostered close relationships with Ethiopia and Somaliland, a self-declared republic that separated from Somalia in 1991.

Recent developments, including Israel’s recognition of Somaliland, have added to the regional tensions. While some in Abu Dhabi welcomed this move, it was met with condemnation from Riyadh, further complicating the diplomatic landscape.

As regional dynamics continue to evolve, the alignment between Egypt and Saudi Arabia may play a crucial role in shaping the future of conflicts in Yemen and Sudan, as well as influencing the geopolitical balance in the Horn of Africa.