Toxic Air Quality in Delhi Raises Health Risks for Residents

Delhi is grappling with escalating air pollution levels, prompting dire warnings from health experts about its potential impact on public health. On the morning of November 13, 2023, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in the capital plummeted to 335, categorizing the air quality as “very poor.” This deterioration follows the Diwali celebrations, during which the use of firecrackers significantly contributed to severe smoke and noise pollution in the region.

According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the AQI reached 296 on Sunday before climbing further throughout the day. By the evening, it crossed the threshold into the “very poor” category, highlighting the immediate health risks associated with such pollution levels. The CPCB has forecasted that air quality is likely to worsen even further, potentially entering the “severe” category within the next few days.

Dr. Harshal R Salve, an Additional Professor at the Centre for Community Medicine at AIIMS in New Delhi, emphasized the health implications of rising air pollution. “Increased exposure to air pollution has both acute short-term and long-term impacts on health,” he stated. Short-term effects include worsening asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and eye irritation. Long-term exposure poses significant risks for developing serious health conditions, such as cardio-respiratory diseases, strokes, heart attacks, and mental health issues.

This warning is particularly pertinent for vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly over 60 years of age, and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Dr. Ujjawal Parakh, a senior consultant in chest medicine, noted that the uptick in pollution has already exacerbated symptoms for those suffering from respiratory diseases. “This is a vulnerable period for people with respiratory issues, as they may experience increased symptoms during this time,” he explained.

The worsening air quality has prompted the Supreme Court of India to permit the limited use of “green crackers” during the festival, which health experts fear may further deteriorate air quality levels. Dr. Parakh cautioned that the ongoing pollution crisis could lead to an escalation in health issues for those already affected by respiratory ailments.

To mitigate the health risks associated with poor air quality, experts recommend several measures. Dr. Salve suggested stricter regulations on diesel vehicles, improved dust management at construction sites, and better regulation of industrial emissions. He also urged individuals to refrain from burning waste and stubble, opting instead for sustainable energy sources.

For those already dealing with respiratory conditions, Dr. Parakh advised maintaining regular medication and minimizing outdoor activity during high pollution periods. He recommended using N95 masks when venturing outside and increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus varieties rich in antioxidants.

The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has responded to this escalating crisis by activating Stage-II of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). The CAQM has called on citizens to utilize public transport, avoid dusty construction sites, and refrain from burning waste to combat the worsening air quality.

As the air quality crisis deepens, the health risks associated with rising pollution levels in Delhi necessitate immediate attention and action from both authorities and residents. The ongoing situation underscores the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to improve air quality and safeguard public health.