Delhi’s Cloud Seeding Fails to Combat Post-Diwali Pollution

The Delhi government’s recent effort to tackle severe air pollution through artificial rain has proven unsuccessful. On both attempts of cloud seeding conducted on November 7, 2023, there was no rain produced, prompting the cancellation of a planned third attempt. This initiative, which relied on technical assistance from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, was part of a Rs 3.20 crore strategy to alleviate the toxic smog that enveloped the National Capital Region (NCR) following the Diwali festivities.

Political tensions have emerged surrounding the failed experiment, with the ruling BJP and opposition party AAP (Aam Aadmi Party) engaging in a blame game. Pollution in Delhi often peaks during winter due to a combination of factors, including weather, agricultural burning in nearby states like Punjab and Haryana, and the extensive use of fireworks during Diwali.

Understanding Cloud Seeding’s Limitations

Cloud seeding, the process of introducing chemicals to stimulate rainfall, requires specific atmospheric conditions to be effective. These include heavy cloud cover, sufficient moisture and humidity, and favorable wind patterns. Experts have pointed out that while countries like China, Thailand, and the UAE have seen some success with cloud seeding, the right conditions must be present. In contrast, Delhi’s typically dry atmosphere and low humidity levels render it less suitable for such operations.

Previous attempts at cloud seeding in Indian states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka aimed to address drought conditions but have often yielded mixed results. The ongoing debate about the effectiveness and cost-efficiency of cloud seeding raises questions about its long-term implications. Some scientists express concerns regarding the manipulation of natural processes, suggesting that artificial rain may not be the optimal solution to air quality problems.

Despite the Delhi administration’s claims of reduced particulate matter in the air, these assertions have sparked skepticism. Critics argue that the apparent improvements in air quality may be attributed to temporary measures, such as the use of tankers to spray water around air quality monitoring stations.

Alternative Solutions to Pollution

The failure of the cloud seeding initiative has led to renewed discussions about more sustainable and effective methods for combating air pollution. Experts advocate that the most effective approach is to prevent pollution at its source. Successful cities, such as Beijing, have seen significant reductions in air quality issues through comprehensive measures. These include minimizing vehicular and industrial emissions, enforcing clean construction practices, and ensuring efficient waste management.

While various cities face unique challenges related to air quality, the overarching consensus is that addressing pollution requires a multifaceted strategy that prioritizes prevention over reactive measures like cloud seeding. As Delhi grapples with its persistent pollution crisis, the focus must shift toward long-term solutions that can yield tangible improvements for public health and the environment.