Understanding Arthritis and Transformative Knee Surgery Options

Arthritis is a condition that affects millions globally, often dismissed as a natural part of aging. In India, the incidence of joint arthritis, particularly knee osteoarthritis, is rising significantly, driven by an aging population and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. To provide clarity on this growing health concern, insights from three prominent orthopedic specialists—Dr. B. L. Prakash, Dr. Ananya Puttaraju, and Dr. Vijay Girish—are examined, focusing on the challenges of knee arthritis and the potential benefits of knee replacement surgery.

Understanding Arthritis and Its Impact

At its core, arthritis signifies joint inflammation that leads to progressive damage over time. Dr. B. L. Prakash, a Senior Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon at Hosmat Hospital in Bangalore, explains that the most common form is osteoarthritis. This condition typically arises from age-related wear and tear of cartilage, which serves as a cushion for the bones. As cartilage deteriorates, bones can begin to rub against each other, resulting in pain and limited mobility.

While osteoarthritis is prevalent, there are other forms such as rheumatoid arthritis and post-traumatic arthritis, depending on a patient’s medical history or previous injuries. Recognizing the early signs of arthritis is crucial for effective management.

Identifying Early Symptoms and Treatment Options

According to Dr. Ananya Puttaraju, many individuals overlook the initial symptoms of arthritis. Common indicators include morning stiffness, joint swelling, increased pain during activity, and a sensation of instability in the knee. Patients may also hear a grating or cracking sound in the joint. Ignoring these symptoms can lead to significant limitations in daily activities, such as climbing stairs.

Fortunately, there are non-surgical options available to manage knee arthritis in its early to moderate stages. Dr. Vijay Girish emphasizes that lifestyle modifications are essential. “Weight management is key—it reduces the pressure on your knees. Physiotherapy can help strengthen the muscles around the joint, and medications or corticosteroid injections can alleviate inflammation and pain,” he notes. Additionally, using walking aids and avoiding high-impact activities can greatly benefit patients.

When conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgical intervention may become necessary. Dr. B. L. Prakash notes that knee replacement surgery is recommended when pain and stiffness interfere with daily life and imaging confirms joint damage. For patients struggling with mobility or experiencing severe pain, surgery can significantly enhance their quality of life.

The Knee Replacement Process

When discussing the procedure, Dr. Ananya Puttaraju describes it as involving the removal of damaged bone and cartilage from the knee joint, replaced with artificial components made of metal and plastic. The objective is to restore smooth joint movement and eliminate the pain caused by bone-on-bone contact. The surgery is relatively brief, lasting approximately 1.5 to 2 hours, with most patients beginning to walk with assistance within a day or two.

There are different types of knee replacements based on the extent and location of the damage. Dr. Vijay Girish explains that Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is the most common, where the entire joint surface is replaced. In contrast, for arthritis confined to a specific compartment of the knee, a Partial Knee Replacement may be more appropriate. While TKR is more frequently performed, Partial Knee Replacement can help preserve more of the natural knee structure.

Recovery and rehabilitation are critical components of the surgical process. According to Dr. B. L. Prakash, most patients are hospitalized for about 3 to 4 days. Physiotherapy typically begins within 24 hours post-surgery, encouraging patients to walk early with the assistance of a walker or crutches. Full recovery may take between 6 to 12 weeks for regular activities, with complete rehabilitation often extending to 3 to 6 months.

Despite the commonality and success of knee replacement surgeries, myths and fears persist. Dr. Ananya Puttaraju addresses these concerns directly, stating that many patients worry about never walking normally again or that implants will wear out quickly. “The truth is, most patients experience significant pain relief and improved mobility. Pain during recovery is manageable with appropriate medication and guided physiotherapy,” he reassures.

To ensure long-term success after surgery, Dr. Vijay Girish advises patients to maintain a healthy weight, engage in low-impact exercises like walking or swimming, and avoid high-impact sports, under the supervision of their treating surgeon. Adhering to the physiotherapy plan and attending follow-up appointments are also vital.

Knee arthritis is prevalent, but it does not have to dictate one’s life. With timely diagnosis, the appropriate treatment plan, and, in some cases, surgery, patients can transition from stiffness and discomfort to a more active and fulfilling lifestyle. When conducted properly, knee replacement surgery can be a safe and effective means of restoring mobility and improving life quality.

This article serves as a public awareness initiative by J&J. The views expressed by the experts are their own and are intended for general awareness only. It is essential to consult your doctor for personal health concerns. J&J disclaims liability for the accuracy or outcomes related to expert opinions shared here.