Turmoil in Nepal: Will Former King Gyanendra Shah Return to Power?

Nepal is currently engulfed in political chaos following the resignation of Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli on September 8, 2023. This upheaval was triggered by violent protests led by the country’s Gen-Z population. Protesters targeted government buildings, including the Nepalese Parliament, resulting in significant destruction and at least 20 fatalities. The demonstrations initially began in response to a controversial social media ban but rapidly evolved into a broader expression of deep-seated frustrations over corruption, mismanagement, and historical grievances against political elites.

As the situation escalates, speculation is rife regarding a potential comeback of former King Gyanendra Shah. His name has resurfaced amid calls for a return to monarchy, marking a possible shift back to royal rule after Nepal’s two-decade experiment with parliamentary democracy. Gyanendra recently issued a public statement expressing his sorrow over the violence and loss of life during the protests. He condemned the government’s failure to address the legitimate demands of the youth, stating, “It is extremely tragic and condemnable that… lives were lost and many were injured.” His appeal for peace and good governance has intensified discussions about his possible role in the nation’s future.

Historical Context of the Monarchy in Nepal

Gyanendra Shah’s ascent to the throne was marked by tragedy. He became king in June 2001 after a horrific incident in which his brother, King Birendra Shah, and several family members were killed by Prince Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah in a murder-suicide. This shocking event led to his controversial reign, during which he dismissed elected governments twice and ultimately staged a coup in 2005, assuming direct control of the country under a state of emergency. His rule was characterized by widespread resistance, culminating in the second people’s movement that ultimately forced him to relinquish the throne in 2008, transitioning Nepal into a parliamentary democracy.

Since then, Gyanendra has lived as a private citizen, while the remnants of the royal family have largely remained out of the public eye. His stepmother, Queen Mother Ratna, still resides at Mahendra Manzil, part of the former royal palace complex, while some younger royals have relocated abroad.

Current Protests and Calls for Monarchy Restoration

The current protests reflect a broader discontent with the political system. While the immediate cause was the social media ban, many citizens express long-term frustrations regarding governance and rampant corruption. Prateek Pradhan, editor of Baahrakhari, an independent Nepalese news outlet, noted, “Protests over the social media ban were just a catalyst. Frustrations over how the country is being run have long been simmering under the surface.”

Supporters of Gyanendra Shah have recently demonstrated in Kathmandu, advocating for a restoration of the monarchy and the reinstatement of Hinduism as the state religion. During one rally, tens of thousands blocked access to Tribhuvan International Airport, chanting slogans in support of the former king. Many believe his return could restore stability to a nation plagued by political infighting and corruption. One supporter articulated this sentiment, stating, “The worst thing that is happening to the country is massive corruption… I have changed my mind about the monarchy.”

As Nepal grapples with its political future, the discourse surrounding Gyanendra’s potential return intensifies. The political landscape remains uncertain, with calls for a return to monarchy growing louder in the wake of widespread disillusionment with current leadership. The former king’s next moves will be closely scrutinized as the country seeks to navigate its way through this tumultuous period.